Chinese characters : Query result

Character: 死

Modern (Beijing) reading: sǐ

Preclassic Old Chinese: sijʔ

Classic Old Chinese: síj

Western Han Chinese: sjǝ́j

Eastern Han Chinese: sjǝ́j

Early Postclassic Chinese: sjíj

Middle Postclassic Chinese: sjíj

Late Postclassic Chinese: sjí

Middle Chinese: sjí

English meaning : to die

Russian meaning[s]: 1) смерть; умереть; сдохнуть, пасть (о скоте); мертвый, дохлый, павший; 2) причинить смерть, убить, казнить; 3) погибнуть, пасть за...; быть убитым; 4) смертельный; до самой смерти, до гробовой доски; не щадя жизни; решительный, отважный; 5) заслуживающий смерти; смертный; 6) неподвижный, стоячий (о воде); сплошной; 7) недействующий; закрытый; забитый; глухой; намертво; 8) трафаретный, шаблонный; 9) тупой; инертный; упрямый; 10) неразлучный, верный до конца, преданный до смерти; неизменный (напр. о друзьях); 11) весьма; в высшей степени; 12) результативный суффикс глаголов, означающих смерть

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 78

Four-angle index: 6989

Karlgren code: 0558 a-c

Vietnamese reading: tu`'

Jianchuan Bai: śi1

Dali Bai: śi1

Bijiang Bai: śi1

Shijing occurrences: 23.1, 23.2, 31.4, 35.1_, 45.1, 45.2, 52.1, 52.2, 52.3_

Character: 氖

Modern (Beijing) reading: nai

Radical: 0

Four-angle index: 0

Character: 汝

Modern (Beijing) reading: rǔ

Preclassic Old Chinese: nhaʔ

Classic Old Chinese: nhá

Western Han Chinese: nhá

Eastern Han Chinese: ńhá

Early Postclassic Chinese: ńhó

Middle Postclassic Chinese: ńhó

Late Postclassic Chinese: ńhó

Middle Chinese: ńö́

Fanqie: 如語

Rhyme class: 語

English meaning : you

Russian meaning[s]: 1) ты; 2) сокр. р. Жухэ (в провинции Хэнань); 3) Жу (фамилия)

Shuowen gloss: 水. 出弘農盧氏. 還歸山東. 入淮. 從水. 女聲.

Comments: Also used for a homonymous river name (which is the original meaning of the character). Aspiration of the initial is established on circumstantial evidence (reading of the related, but later, graph 你, MC ṇɨ́, in Jianou: ni⁸). Frequently written as 女 in Early Zhou.

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Radical: 85

Four-angle index: 8789

Karlgren code: 0094 j-k

Shijing occurrences: 10.1, 10.2, 17.2, 17.3, 27.3

Character: 汗

Modern (Beijing) reading: hàn

Preclassic Old Chinese: gāns

Classic Old Chinese: gānh

Western Han Chinese: gānh

Eastern Han Chinese: gānh

Early Postclassic Chinese: gā̀n

Middle Postclassic Chinese: gā̀n

Late Postclassic Chinese: gā̀n

Middle Chinese: ɣần

English meaning : sweat, perspiration; to perspire [L.Zhou]

Russian meaning[s]: 1) пот, испарина; 2) нательный; [hán] несдержанный, разнузданный

Comments: For *g- cf. Min forms: Xiamen, Chaozhou kuã⁶, Fuzhou kaŋ⁶.

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 85

Four-angle index: 2356

Karlgren code: 0139 t

Go-on: gan

Kan-on: kan

Japanese reading: kan+;ase+

Vietnamese reading: hãn

Jianchuan Bai: ŋa7

Dali Bai: ŋa7

Bijiang Bai: ŋa7

Character: 汙

Modern (Beijing) reading: wū

Preclassic Old Chinese: ʔʷā

Classic Old Chinese: ʔwā

Western Han Chinese: ʔwā

Eastern Han Chinese: ʔwā

Early Postclassic Chinese: ʔōw

Middle Postclassic Chinese: ʔǝ̄w

Late Postclassic Chinese: ʔǝ̄w

Middle Chinese: ʔo

English meaning : impure, untidy

Russian meaning[s]: 1) стоячая вода; жидкая грязь; грязный; марать, пачкать; 2) осквернять; клеветать; позорить; 3) растлить, обесчестить; 4) алчный; алчность; жадность; коррупция; 5) прийти в упадок; пасть; 6) тусклый, матовый; 7) родимое пятно; синяк; [wù] очистить, отмыть грязь; [wā] 1) заболоченная низина, трясина; 2) яма; копать землю; [yū] согнуться; гнутый; [yú] сокр. Юйшуй (река в провинции Хэнань)

Comments: = 污.

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Radical: 85

Four-angle index: 3240

Character: 江

Modern (Beijing) reading: jiāng

Preclassic Old Chinese: krōŋ

Classic Old Chinese: krōŋ

Western Han Chinese: krōŋ

Eastern Han Chinese: krōŋ

Early Postclassic Chinese: kọ̄ŋ

Middle Postclassic Chinese: kọ̄ŋ

Late Postclassic Chinese: kọ̄ŋ

Middle Chinese: kạuŋ

English meaning : river; Yang-zi River

Russian meaning[s]: 1) большая река; 2) р. Янцзы; 3) 3-е число (в телеграммах); 4) Цзян (фамилия)

Shuowen gloss: 江水.出蜀湔氐徼外#山.入海.從水.工聲. [517]

Comments: Viet. sông 'river' may be an older loan from the same source.

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 85

Four-angle index: 93

Karlgren code: 1172 v

Vietnamese reading: giang

Jianchuan Bai: kü̃4

Dali Bai: kü5

Bijiang Bai: ṭõ7

Shijing occurrences: 9.1, 9.2, 9.3, 22.1, 22.2, 22.3

Character: 池

Modern (Beijing) reading: chí

Preclassic Old Chinese: Łaj

Classic Old Chinese: Łaj

Western Han Chinese: laj

Eastern Han Chinese: źe

Early Postclassic Chinese: źe

Middle Postclassic Chinese: źe

Late Postclassic Chinese: źe

Middle Chinese: ḍe

English meaning : pond, pool, moat

Russian meaning[s]: 1) пруд; водоем; городской ров с водой; 2) банка для электробатареи; 3) ямка, лунка

Comments: Regular Sino-Viet. is trì. Unaspirated *Ł- is witnessed by Min reflexes: Xiamen, Chaozhou ti2, Fuzhou tie2, Jianou ti9 and must be reconstructed in this case (although normally *Ł- > MC j- in this position). The character is also used in the die-sheng 差池 *shraj-Łaj 'be uneven'.

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 85

Four-angle index: 7263

Karlgren code: 0004 t-u

Vietnamese reading: d_ìa

Shijing occurrences: 28.1

Character: 汐

Modern (Beijing) reading: xi

Radical: 0

Four-angle index: 0

Character: 汕

Modern (Beijing) reading: shàn

Preclassic Old Chinese: srāns

Classic Old Chinese: srānh

Western Han Chinese: ṣānh

Eastern Han Chinese: ṣānh

Early Postclassic Chinese: ṣạ̄̀n

Middle Postclassic Chinese: ṣạ̄̀n

Late Postclassic Chinese: ṣạ̄̀n

Middle Chinese: ṣạ̀n

English meaning : wicker trap

Russian meaning[s]: 1) сокр. Сватоу (порт); 2) плетенка из бамбука для ловли рыбы

Radical: 85

Four-angle index: 980

Karlgren code: 0193 d

Character: 污

Modern (Beijing) reading: wū

Preclassic Old Chinese: ʔʷā

Classic Old Chinese: ʔwā

Western Han Chinese: ʔwā

Eastern Han Chinese: ʔwā

Early Postclassic Chinese: ʔōw

Middle Postclassic Chinese: ʔǝ̄w

Late Postclassic Chinese: ʔǝ̄w

Middle Chinese: ʔo

English meaning : to soak; dirty.

Russian meaning[s]: 1) стоячая вода; жидкая грязь; грязный; марать, пачкать; 2) осквернять; клеветать; позорить; 3) растлить, обесчестить; 4) алчный; алчность; жадность; коррупция; 5) прийти в упадок; пасть; 6) тусклый, матовый; 7) родимое пятно; синяк; [wù] очистить, отмыть грязь; [wā] 1) заболоченная низина, трясина; 2) яма; копать землю; [yū] согнуться; гнутый; [yú] сокр. Юйшуй (река в провинции Хэнань)

Shuowen gloss: **也.從水.于聲.一曰小池為污.一曰涂也.

Comments: Also written as 汙 q.v. Another reading (attested in LZ) is *ʔʷrā (MC ʔwạ, Pek. wā) 'impure, vile, mean (probably connected with *ʔʷā); dig a hole in the ground'.

Radical: 85

Four-angle index: 4466

Karlgren code: 0097 |b ́- c ́

Shijing occurrences: 2.3

Character: 汛

Modern (Beijing) reading: xun

Radical: 0

Four-angle index: 0

Character: 汎

Modern (Beijing) reading: fàn

Preclassic Old Chinese: phrams

Classic Old Chinese: phramh

Western Han Chinese: phramh

Eastern Han Chinese: phramh

Early Postclassic Chinese: phàm

Middle Postclassic Chinese: phàm

Late Postclassic Chinese: phàm

Middle Chinese: phwɨ̀m

English meaning : to float, drift, glide; ride (in a boat)

Russian meaning[s]: 1) плавать, носиться по воде; 2) широкий, обширный; 3) общий; всеобъемлющий, всеобщий, все-, пан-, вм. 泛, 氾

Comments: Somewhat later (since Late Zhou) we meet the character 氾 with the same reading and meaning 'to overflow, inundate; to disperse, float about' - which is probably the same word as 汎.

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Radical: 85

Four-angle index: 7725

Karlgren code: 0625 f

Shijing occurrences: 26.1, 44.1, 44.2, 45.1, 45.2

Character: 灰

Modern (Beijing) reading: huī

Preclassic Old Chinese: smǝ̄j

Classic Old Chinese: m̥ǝ̄j

Western Han Chinese: m̥ǝ̄j

Eastern Han Chinese: m̥ǝ̄j

Early Postclassic Chinese: hwǝ̄j

Middle Postclassic Chinese: hwǝ̄j

Late Postclassic Chinese: hwǝ̄j

Middle Chinese: xoj

English meaning : ashes, lime [L.Zhou]

Russian meaning[s]: 1) зола, пепел; 2) известь; 3) пепельный, серый (цвет); 4) разбить; 5) 10-е число (в телеграммах)

Comments: Standard Sino-Viet. is khôi (with irregular kh-). Viet. vôi may go back to PAA *Cǝ-pVr 'lime' and thus is probably just a fortuitous resemblance.

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 86

Four-angle index: 5472

Karlgren code: 0950 a

Vietnamese reading: vôi

Jianchuan Bai: xui4

Dali Bai: xui5

Bijiang Bai: śu4,-fü4-

Character: 牟

Modern (Beijing) reading: móu

Preclassic Old Chinese: m(h)u

Classic Old Chinese: m(h)u

Western Han Chinese: m(h)ǝw

Eastern Han Chinese: m(h)ǝw

Early Postclassic Chinese: m(h)iw

Middle Postclassic Chinese: m(h)ǝw

Late Postclassic Chinese: m(h)ǝw

Middle Chinese: mǝw

English meaning : barley

Russian meaning[s]: 1) забирать, захватывать; 2) мычать; 3) ячмень

Comments: During LZ written as 麰, while 牟 is used for homonymous words 'encroach upon; double; a k. of clay vessel'.

Radical: 93

Four-angle index: 2490

Karlgren code: 1110 a

Character: 牝

Modern (Beijing) reading: pǐn

Preclassic Old Chinese: b(h)inʔ

Classic Old Chinese: b(h)ín

Western Han Chinese: b(h)jǝ́n

Eastern Han Chinese: b(h)jǝ́n

Early Postclassic Chinese: b(h)jín

Middle Postclassic Chinese: b(h)jín

Late Postclassic Chinese: b(h)jín

Middle Chinese: bjín

English meaning : female animal

Russian meaning[s]: самка животных

Comments: Also read *b(h)ijʔ, MC bjí id. (the form with *-nʔ is probably originally suffixed).

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Radical: 93

Four-angle index: 6988

Karlgren code: 0566 i-j

Shijing occurrences: 50.3

Character: 百

Modern (Beijing) reading: bǎi

Preclassic Old Chinese: prāk

Classic Old Chinese: prāk

Western Han Chinese: prāk

Eastern Han Chinese: prāk

Early Postclassic Chinese: pẹ̄k

Middle Postclassic Chinese: pẹ̄k

Late Postclassic Chinese: pẹ̄k

Middle Chinese: pạ̈ik

English meaning : one hundred

Russian meaning[s]: 1) сто; увеличивать в сто раз; стократный; 2) множество, все; многочисленный; 3) повсюду, везде; со всех сторон; 4) Бо (фамилия)

Shuowen gloss: 十十也.從一白.數.十十為一百.百白也.十百為一貫.貫章也.古文百. [137]

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 106

Four-angle index: 1656

Karlgren code: 0781 a-e

Vietnamese reading: bá(ch)

Jianchuan Bai: pɛ6

Dali Bai: per6

Bijiang Bai: pa6

Shijing occurrences: 12.1, 33.4, 54.4

Character: 竹

Modern (Beijing) reading: zhú

Preclassic Old Chinese: truk

Classic Old Chinese: truk

Western Han Chinese: ṭǝuk

Eastern Han Chinese: ṭǝuk

Early Postclassic Chinese: ṭɨuk

Middle Postclassic Chinese: ṭuk

Late Postclassic Chinese: ṭuk

Middle Chinese: ṭük

English meaning : bamboo

Russian meaning[s]: 1) бамбук; 2) трубка; бамбуковые музыкальные инструменты; 3) дощечки для письма; анналы, записи; 4) Чжу (фамилия)

Comments: Used also for a homonymous (or identical?) *truk 'a k. of creeper'.

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 118

Four-angle index: 2978

Karlgren code: 1019 a-b

Vietnamese reading: trúc

Shijing occurrences: 55.1, 55.3

Character: 米

Modern (Beijing) reading: mǐ

Preclassic Old Chinese: mhījʔ (~ ē)

Classic Old Chinese: mhī́j

Western Han Chinese: mhjǝ̄́j

Eastern Han Chinese: mhiǝ̄́j

Early Postclassic Chinese: mhiḗj

Middle Postclassic Chinese: mhiḗj

Late Postclassic Chinese: mhiḗj

Middle Chinese: míej

English meaning : peeled grain, rice

Russian meaning[s]: 1) рис в зернах; очищенное зерно; обрушенный рис; крупа; 2) зерновые; 3) сокр. метр; 4) Ми (фамилия)

Comments: Regular Sino-Viet. is mễ; Viet. mạ 'rice seedlings' is somewhat different semantically and not quite clear phonetically (vowel, tone) - thus a purely chance resemblance is not excluded. For *mh- cf. Jianou mi⁸.

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 119

Four-angle index: 5306

Karlgren code: 0598 a-c

Vietnamese reading: mạ

Jianchuan Bai: me1

Dali Bai: mer1-, me1

Bijiang Bai: mi1

Character: 糸

Modern (Beijing) reading: mì

Russian meaning[s]: древн. шелковая нить; [sī] см. 絲

Radical: 120

Four-angle index: 8254

Character: 缶

Modern (Beijing) reading: fǒu

Preclassic Old Chinese: puʔ

Classic Old Chinese: pú

Western Han Chinese: pǝ́w

Eastern Han Chinese: pǝ́w

Early Postclassic Chinese: píw

Middle Postclassic Chinese: pǝ́w

Late Postclassic Chinese: pǝ́w

Middle Chinese: pǝ́w

English meaning : earthen jar

Russian meaning[s]: 1) глиняная амфора; 2) древн. глиняный барабан

Comments: The meaning of Viet. phễu ('funnel') is somewhat aberrant, but still it seems likely to be borrowed from Chinese. The standard Sino-Viet. form is phẫu.

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Radical: 121

Four-angle index: 994

Karlgren code: 1107 a-c

Vietnamese reading: phễu